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Great Smog
The Great Smog of '52 or Big Smoke〔Davis DL, et al.; and Bates D. ''A Look Back at the London Smog of 1952 and the Half Century Since; A Half Century Later: Recollections of the London Fog'' ((Environmental Health Perspectives ), Dec 2002).〕 was a severe air-pollution event that affected London during December 1952. A period of cold weather, combined with an anticyclone and windless conditions, collected airborne pollutants mostly from the use of coal to form a thick layer of smog over the city. It lasted from Friday 5 December to Tuesday 9 December 1952, and then dispersed quickly after a change of weather.
Although it caused major disruption due to the effect on visibility, and even penetrated indoor areas, it was not thought to be a significant event at the time, with London having experienced many smog events in the past, so-called "pea soupers". Government medical reports in the following weeks estimated that up until 8 December 4,000 people had died prematurely and 100,000 more were made ill because of the smog's effects on the human respiratory tract. More recent research suggests that the total number of fatalities was considerably greater, at about 12,000.
It is known to be the worst air-pollution event in the history of the United Kingdom,〔McKie, Robin & Townsend, Mark. ''Great Smog is history, but foul air still kills'' ((The Observer ), 24 Nov 2002).〕 and the most significant in terms of its effect on environmental research, government regulation, and public awareness of the relationship between air quality and health.〔 It led to several changes in practices and regulations, including the Clean Air Act 1956.
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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